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red mud
Red mud or red sludge is a waste product generated in the industrial production of aluminium. With about 77 million tons of this hazardous material produced annually, red mud is one of the most important disposal problems in the mining industry.〔Ayres, R. U., Holmberg, J., Andersson, B., "Materials and the global environment: Waste mining in the 21st century", MRS Bull. 2001, 26, 477. 〕
==Production and composition==
Red mud is a side-product of the Bayer process, the principal means of refining bauxite en route to alumina. The resulting alumina is the raw material for producing aluminium by the Hall–Héroult process. A typical bauxite plant produces one to two times as much red mud as alumina. This ratio is dependent on the type of bauxite used in the refining process and the extraction conditions.〔
Red mud is composed of a mixture of solid and metallic oxides. The red colour arises from iron oxides, which comprise up to 60% of the mass of the red mud. The mud is highly basic with a pH ranging from 10 to 13.〔〔〔 In addition to iron, the other dominant components include silica, unleached residual alumina, and titanium oxide.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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